"Victor Hamilton's commentary on Exodus contains his own unique, detailed, and constructive translation and interpretations of the texts of Exodus fueled by a wide-ranging dialogue with a wealth of previous scholarship on the book. For Hamilton, Exodus is about the full range of God's relationship with God's people, with the ultimate goal of God's dwelling in the midst of God's people, Israel. All along the way, Hamilton expertly guides readers into the ways in which the book of Exodus intersects with other Old Testament and New Testament texts, offering a rich feast of theologically fruitful insights."  
\--__Dennis Olson__, Princeton Theological Seminary  
  
"An excellent commentary on the book of Exodus. It is clearly written as a useful reference for teachers, pastors, and students of the Bible. Hamilton provides his own translation and grammatical notes for each section, followed by an extended commentary that draws deeply on the best sources of a rich interpretive tradition. Evangelicals will find his references to related New Testament texts as well as contemporary comparisons to be helpful resources for teaching."  
\--__James K. Bruckner__, North Park Theological Seminary (retired)  
  
"Hamilton offers a clear and concise commentary on the book of Exodus. Perhaps even more important than his interaction with the latest scholarship, he answers the questions that people actually ask when they read the text. While his treatment of alternative viewpoints is always fair, he offers his own mature reflection on each passage with clarity and wit. This is a very fine commentary."  
\--__Daniel I. Block__, Wheaton College  
  
"Expansive in its coverage, expertly attentive to the Hebrew text, wise in its judgments, and written in a straightforward style, Hamilton's commentary makes sometimes-difficult material accessible and richly rewarding to a variety of readers. The English-speaking world enjoys several good commentaries on Exodus, and this one will rightly take its place among 'best in class.'"  
\--__V. Philips Long__, Regent College  
  
"In an engaging style, Hamilton provides an interpretation of the text that is hermeneutically and theologically sound as well as nuanced. Though he has interacted with the best scholarship on Exodus and the ancient Near East, his explanation of the meaning of the text is consistently accessible. A valuable resource for students and pastors."  
\--__Peter T. Vogt__, Bethel Seminary

__Victor P. Hamilton__ (PhD, Brandeis University), now retired, was professor of Bible and theology at Asbury University in Wilmore, Kentucky, for more than thirty-five years. He is the author of a two-volume commentary on Genesis, Handbook on the Pentateuch, and Handbook on the Historical Books.

Victor Hamilton, a highly regarded Old Testament scholar with over thirty years' experience in the classroom, offers a comprehensive exegesis of the book of Exodus. Written in a clear and accessible style, this major, up-to-date, evangelical, exegetical commentary opens up the riches of the book of Exodus. Hamilton relates Exodus to the rest of Scripture and includes his own translation of the text. This commentary will be valued by professors and students of the Old Testament as well as pastors.

A highly regarded Old Testament scholar provides a comprehensive evangelical exegesis of the book of Exodus.

I. Oppression in Egypt (1:1-6:1)  
II. Liberation from Egypt (6:2-15:21)  
III. Testing Time in the Wilderness (15:22-18:27)  
IV. Covenant and Law at Sinai (19:1-24:18)  
V. How to Build the Tabernacle (25:1-31:18)  
VI. The Gold Calf and Covenant Renewal (32:1-34:35)  
VII. Tabernacle Built, God's Glory Fills (35:1-40:38)

Hamilton, Victor P.

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Dedication

Preface

Abbreviations

Transliteration Patterns

Commentaries on Exodus

Introduction: The Narrative and Theology of Exodus

Part 1: Oppression in Egypt (1:1–6:1)

Multiplying in Egypt (1:1 –7)

An Anxious Pharaoh (1:8–14)

Two God-Fearing Midwives (1:15–22)

The Birth and Naming of Moses (2:1–10)

Moses's First Attempt at Mediation (2:11–15)

Moses Flees to Midian (2:16–22)

A God Who Hears and Remembers (2:23–25)

God Encounters Moses for the First Time (3:1–6)

God's "Go" and Moses's "No" (3:7–12)

If God Knows Your Name, Do You Need to Know His? (3:13–22)

Divine Reassurance through Authenticating Signs (4:1–9)

Mouthing Off to God about Your Mouth (4:10–12)

Here Am I, Send Him (4:13–17)

Egypt Beckons (4:18–23)

The Bloody Bridegroom (4:24–26)

Moses and Aaron Reunite (4:27–31)

Moses and Aaron's First Meeting with Pharaoh (5:1–9)

No Straw, but a Lot of Stench (5:10–21)

Asking God the Hard Questions (5:22–6:1)

Part 2: Liberation from Egypt (6:2–15:21)

God, Not Moses, Is Lord (6:2–9)

Levites and Lips (6:10–30)

An Octogenarian God Who Is Not God (7:1–7)

Taming and Transforming the Tannin (7:8–13)

Plague 1: Water into Blood (7:14–25)

Plague 2: A Frog Infestation (8:1–15 [7:26–8:11])

Plague 3: Learning a Lesson from Lice (8:16–19 [8:12–15])

Plague 4: Inundated with Insects (8:20–32 [8:16–28])

Plague 5: Heavy Pestilence, Heavy Heart (9:1–7)

Plague 6: Pharaoh Not Bothered by Boils (9:8–12)

Plague 7: God's Hail, Moses's Hands (9:13–35)

Plague 8: Lots and Lots of Locusts (10:1–20)

Plague 9: A Darkness That One Can Feel (10:21–29)

The Final Plague: The Firstborns' Death (11:1–10)

An Excursus on Heart Hardening

Celebration of Passover (12:1–28)

The Tenth Plague and the Start of the Exodus (12:29–42)

Further Instructions about Passover (12:43–51)

Firstborn and Flatbread (13:1–16)

From Egypt to Etham (13:17–22)

Safe Passage through the Sea (14:1–31)

The Song at the Sea by Moses and the Men (15:1–18)

The Song at the Sea by Miriam and the Women (15:19–21)

Part 3: Testing Time in the Wilderness (15:22–18:27)

Brackish Water, Sweet Water, Much Water (15:22–27)

Manna from Heaven (16:1–36)

Water from the Rock (17:1–7)

The Amalekite Ambush and Attack (17:8–16)

Jethro, a Midianite Priest, Joins Moses in Worship of God (18:1–12)

Jethro's Counsel to Moses (18:13–27)

Part 4: Covenant and Law at Sinai (19:1–24:18)

God's Spectacular Self-Revelation at Sinai (19:1–25)

The Ten Commandments (20:1–17)

Right Fear and Wrong Fear (20:18–21)

The Covenant Code (20:22–23:33)

The Altar Law (20:22–26)

The Slave Law (21:1–11)

Four Capital Offenses (21:12–17)

A Fight Leading to a Nonpermanent Injury (21:18–19)

But What if It's Your Slave You Beat? (21:20–21)

An Eye for an Eye (21:22–25)

Injuring One's Servant (21:26–27)

The Injuring and Injured Ox (21:28–36)

Thieves and Thievery (22:1–4 [21:37–22:3])

Grazing Beasts and Spreading Fire (22:5–6 [22:4–5])

Depositors and Depositees (22:7–13 [22:6–12])

Injury to Borrowed Animals (22:14– 15 [22:13–14])

Seduction of a Virgin Daughter (22:16–17 [22:15–16])

The Sorceress (22:18 [22:17])

Bestiality (22:19 [22:18])

The Apostate (22:20 [22:19])

The Alien, the Widow, the Orphan, the Poor (22:21–27 [22:20–26])

Proper Respect for God and Leaders (22:28 [22:27])

Giving God the Firstborn (22:29–30 [22:28–29])

What Not to Eat (22:31 [22:30])

Be Honest, and Be Helpful (23:1–9)

He Is the Lord of Your Property and Your Time (23:10–19)

You Obey Me; I Will Expel Them (23:20–33)

A Ceremony of Covenant Ratification (24:1–11)

The Glory of the Lord Seen from Below (24:12–18)

Part 5: How to Build the Tabernacle (25:1–31:18)

The Tabernacle: An Overview

Making a Sanctuary for God (25:1–9)

The Ark of the Covenant and Its Cover (25:10–22)

The Table (25:23–30)

The Lampstand (25:31–40)

The Curtains of the Tabernacle and the Curtains over the Tabernacle (26:1–14)

The Tabernacle Framework (26:15–30)

The Veil and the Curtain before the Holy Place (26:31–37)

"Victor Hamilton has produced an excellent commentary on the book of Exodus. It is clearly written as a useful reference for teachers, pastors, and students of the Bible. He provides his own translation and grammatical notes for each section, followed by an extended commentary that draws deeply on the best sources of a rich interpretive tradition. Evangelicals will find his references to related New Testament texts as well as contemporary comparisons to be helpful resources for teaching. This commentary is a valuable addition for anyone seeking to understand the foundational story of the emerging people of God in Scripture."--James K. Bruckner, professor of Old Testament, North Park Theological Seminary  
   
"Victor Hamilton has given to us a full discussion of the archaeological backgrounds, alternative views, and the meaning of the book of Exodus. Students of the Word will be especially helped by his interpretation of the Decalogue and his grammatical and lexical notes on each section of the book of Exodus. This commentary will make a fine contribution to the growing number of excellent works on Exodus."--Walter C. Kaiser Jr., president emeritus, Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary  
   
"Victor Hamilton's commentary on Exodus contains his own unique, detailed, and constructive translation and interpretations of the texts of Exodus fueled by a wide-ranging dialogue with a wealth of previous scholarship on the book. For Hamilton, Exodus is about the full range of God's relationship with God's people--everything from liberation and covenant making to rebellion and restoration--with the ultimate goal of God's dwelling in the midst of God's people, Israel. All along the way, Hamilton expertly guides readers into the ways in which the book of Exodus intersects with other Old Testament and New Testament texts, offering a rich feast of theologically fruitful insights."--Dennis Olson, Charles T. Haley Professor of Old Testament Theology, Princeton Theological Seminary  
   
"Hamilton offers a clear and concise commentary on the book of Exodus. Perhaps even more important than his interaction with the latest scholarship, he answers the questions that people actually ask when they read the text. While his treatment of alternative viewpoints is always fair, he offers his own mature reflection on each passage with clarity and wit. This is a very fine commentary."--Daniel I. Block, Gunther H. Knoedler Professor of Old Testament, Wheaton College  
   
"Expansive in its coverage, expertly attentive to the Hebrew text, wise in its judgments, and written in a straightforward style, Hamilton's commentary makes sometimes-difficult material accessible and richly rewarding to a variety of readers. The English-speaking world enjoys several good commentaries on Exodus, and this one will rightly take its place among 'best in class.'"--V. Philips Long, professor of Old Testament, Regent College  
   
 "In an engaging style, Hamilton provides an interpretation of the text that is hermeneutically and theologically sound as well as nuanced. Though he has interacted with the best scholarship on Exodus and the ancient Near East, his explanation of the meaning of the text is consistently accessible. This is a valuable resource for students and pastors or anyone who wants to better understand this important book from a well-grounded, evangelical perspective."--Peter T. Vogt, professor of Old Testament, Bethel Seminary

"A substantial commentary on the second book of the Bible. Hamilton . . . offers a work that is exegetical and theological. The book bares all the fruit of decades of study invested in the book of Exodus."--R. Albert Mohler Jr., Preaching  
  
"Hamilton is a brilliant OT scholar. That is clear from his long and influential teaching career and his prior writings. And there is no question that there are many truly impressive insights in his new Exodus commentary. Moreover, he provides novel translation suggestions and comments, as well as novel grammatical and/or lexical observations at many points that I find both well considered and stimulating. Not only so, but he has produced a lengthy and well-written commentary that is a pleasure to read. . . . He obviously loves the book of Exodus, seeks assiduously to bring out its message as he understands it, and takes very seriously its identity as the very word of the only true and living God. No reader of his commentary can doubt that he has spent endless hours with the text, thinking it through and seeking to understand every part of it. The commentary is also nicely laid out. . . . I am . . . delighted to own it, intend to consult it often, and am pleased to recommend it to scholars, students, and pastors whose Hebrew is strong and whose exegetical skills are active."--Douglas Stuart, Journal for the Evangelical Study of the Old Testament

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